Ancient Road Transport
Walking
In ancient times, even with decent road system, there was no means for transportation and people covered long distances on foot or bullock carts. For instance,Adi Sankaracharya travelled all over
India from Kalady near Kochi.
Walking still constitutes an important mode of transport in urban areas.In the city of Mumbai,
to further improve the transit conditions for pedestrains, the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority, has commenced the construction of more than 50 skywalks, as part of the Mumbai skywalk project, which is very helpful as walk enthusiasts take part in it and there is absolutely no traffic over there.
Palanquin
Palanquins, also known as palkis or pallakiis, were one of the luxurious methods used by the rich and noblemen for traveling. This was primarily used in the past to carry a deity or idol of a God,
and many temples have sculptures of God being carried in a palki. Later on, it was primarily used
by European noblemen and ladies from the upper classes of society prior to the advent of the
railways in India. Modern use of the palanquin is limited to Indian weddings and Pilgrimage.
Hand-pulled rickshaw
Hand-pulled rickshaw is still available in the city of Kolkata where in a person pulls the rickshaw by hand. The Government of West Bengal proposed a ban on these rickshaws in 2005 describing
them as "inhuman". Though a bill aiming to address this issue, termed as 'Calcutta Hackney
Carriage Bill', was passed by the West Bengal Assembly in 2006, it has not been implemented yet.
The Government of West Bengal is working on an amendment of this bill to avoid the loopholes
that got exposed when the Hand-pulled Rickshaw Owner's Association filed a petition against the bill.
Bullock cart and horse carriage
Bullock carts have been traditionally used for transport, especially in rural India. The arrival of the
British saw drastic improvements in the horse carriages which were used for transport since early
days. Today, they are used in smaller towns and are referred as Tonga or buggies. Victorias of
Mumbai are still used for tourist purposes, but horse carriages are now rarely found in the metro
cities of India. In recent years large cities have banned the movement of bullock carts and other
slow moving vehicles on the main roads.
Bicycles
Bicycles, or cycles have ownership rates ranging from around 30% to 70% at the state level.
Along with walking, cycling accounts for 50 to 75% of the commuter trips for those in the
informal sector in urban areas.
However, recent developments suggest that bicycle riding is fast becoming popular in the metro
cities of India. Today, government development authorities all over India encourage the setup and
use of separate bicycle lanes alongside the roads to combat pollution and ease traffic congestion.
Cycle rickshaw
Cycle rickshaws were introduced in India in the 1940s. They are bigger than a tricycle where two
people sit on an elevated seat at the back and a person pedals from the front. In the late 2000s,
they were banned in several cities for causing traffic congestion. Cycle rickshaws have been a
feature of Delhi streets since Indian independence in 1947, providing the cheapest way around the
capital.
In addition, environmentalists have supported the cycle rickshaws as a non-polluting and inexpensive mode of transport.
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